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Article de revue:
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Clé de citation BibTeX: Gentner1993
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Gentner, D., Rattermann, M. J., & Forbus, K. D. (1993). The roles of similarity in transfer : separating retrievability from inferential soundness. cognitive psychology, 25, pp. 524–575.
Ajoutée par: Lynda Taabane 2007-12-07 14:58:08 Dernièrement modifiée par: Lynda Taabane 2008-01-23 11:22:06
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Résumé
Similarity is universally acknowledged to be central in transfer, but recent
research suggests that its role is complex . The present research attempts to isolate
and compare the determinants of similarity-based access to memory and the
determinants of the subjective soundness and similarity of a match . We predicted,
based on structure-mapping theory, that subjective soundness would depend on
the degree of shared relational structure, particularly higher-order structure such
as causal bindings . In contrast, we predicted that memory retrieval would be
highly sensitive to surface similarities such as common object attributes . To assess
retrievability, in three studies, subjects were asked to read a large set of
stories and were later given a set of probe stories that resembled the original
stories in systematically different ways ; e .g ., purely relational analogies, surfacesimilarity
matches, or overall (literal similarity) matches . Subjects were told to
write out any of the original stories that came to mind . To assess subjective
soundness, independent subjects (and also the same reminding subjects) were
asked to rate the inferential soundness of each pair ; i.e ., how well inferences true
of one story would apply to the other. As predicted, subjective soundness was
highly related to the degree of common relational structure, while retrievability
was chiefly related to the degree of surface similarity . Ratings of the similarity of
the pairs did not predict the retrievability ordering, arguing against the possibility
that the retrieval ordering simply reflected overall similarity . Further, a fourth
study demonstrated that subjects given a forced-choice recognition task could
discriminate between possible matches on the basis of relational structure, ruling
out the possibility that the poor relational retrieval resulted from forgetting or
failing to encode the relational structure . We conclude that there is a dissociation
between the similarity that governs access to long-term memory and that which is
used in evaluating and reasoning from a present match . We describe a model,
called MAC/FAC ("Many are called but few are chosen"), that uses a two-stage
similarity retrieval process to model these findings . Finally, we speculate on the
implications of this view for learning and transfer. ® 1993 Academic Press, Inc .
Ajoutée par: Lynda Taabane Dernièrement modifiée par: Lynda Taabane
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Idées
pdf dispo
Ajoutée par: Lynda Taabane
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